Lab report water Sample

Lab report water Paper If the amylase only partly digests the starch, what would you expect to happen? If the amylase only partly digests the starch, I would expect to see a faint color change as well as a small presence of glucose inside the intestine. If the amylase fails to digest the starch, what results would you expect? If the amylase fails to digest the starch, I would expect the solution inside the intestine (Dialysis tubing) to change color to blue-black due to the chemical action that will occur when the Logos regent (kill) permeates through the intestine (Dialysis tubing). Why is it necessary to have a control for this experiment? By having a control in this experiment, we can see the changes with the presence of amylase. Logos regent (kill) changes color in the presence of starch, which is the control group that we have setup that demonstrates what would happen naturally, with starch and Logos regent (kill). The control group will have a distinct comparison available for us. As amylase, an enzyme that catalysts the reawaken of the starch into glucose, which will have no reaction with Logos regent (kill) as well as no color change. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report water specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report water specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report water specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Were starch molecules able to cross the membrane? No, the starch molecules were not able to cross the membrane, because if it were able to pass through, then the solution on the outside of the intestine (Dialysis tubing) would have changed color to blue-black. Were Lug molecules able to cross the membrane? Yes, the starch molecules were able to cross the membrane as we observe the lour changes that occur inside the intestine (Dialysis tubing). What is your conclusion regard amylase digestive activity? In this experiment, I concluded that amylase have the abilities to catalyst the breakdown of the starch into glucose. Also, some molecules, such as the Logos regent (kill) and glucose are able to permeate through intestine (Dialysis tubing) while others, such as starch is not able to permeate through the (Dialysis What does this experiment tell you about the size of glucose molecules and membrane permeability? This experiment tells me the size of the glucose molecule is very small in comparison to starch molecule. They have high membrane permeability that allows them to permeate through the intestine (Dialysis tubing); this is supported by the presence of glucose in the water when we conducted the glucose test. In the experiment, did the movement of glucose and starch molecule reflect the expected results of biological simulation? In this experiment, the glucose and starch molecules accurately reflected the expected results of the biological simulation. Animals starch molecule cant cross the plasma membrane to leave the intestine, similarity in our experiment, the starch solution were not able to permeate through the intestine (Dialysis tubing), thus a no change of color occurred in the Logos regent (kill) solution. Furthermore, the glucose molecules can cross membrane between the intestine and circulatory system, and this is proven accurate as we were able to test the presence of glucose in the Logos regent (kill) solution that contain amylase in the intestine (Dialysis tubing).

Probabilities for Monopoly

Probabilities for Monopoly Monopoly is a board game in which players get to put capitalism into action. Players buy and sell properties and charge each other rent. Although there are social and strategic portions of the game, players move their pieces around the board by rolling two standard six-sided dice. Since this controls how the players move, there is also an aspect of probability to the game. By only knowing a few facts, we can calculate how likely it is to land on certain spaces during the first two turns at the beginning of the game. The Dice On each turn, a player rolls two dice and then moves his or her piece that many spaces on the board. So it is helpful to review the probabilities for rolling two dice. In summary, the following sums are possible: A sum of two has probability 1/36.A sum of three has probability 2/36.A sum of four has probability 3/36.A sum of five has probability 4/36.A sum of six has probability 5/36.A sum of seven has probability 6/36.A sum of eight has probability 5/36.A sum of nine has probability 4/36.A sum of ten has probability 3/36.A sum of eleven has probability 2/36.A sum of twelve has probability 1/36. These probabilities will be very important as we continue. The Monopoly Gameboard We also need to take note of the Monopoly gameboard. There are a total of 40 spaces around the gameboard, with 28 of these properties, railroads, or utilities that can be purchased. Six spaces involve drawing a card from the Chance or Community Chest piles. Three spaces are free spaces in which nothing happens. Two spaces involving paying taxes: either income tax or luxury tax. One space sends the player to jail. We will only consider the first two turns of a game of Monopoly. In the course of these turns, the furthest we could get around the board is to roll twelve twice and move a total of 24 spaces. So we will only examine the first 24 spaces on the board. In order these spaces are: Mediterranean AvenueCommunity ChestBaltic AvenueIncome TaxReading RailroadOriental AvenueChanceVermont AvenueConnecticut TaxJust Visiting JailSt. James PlaceElectric CompanyStates AvenueVirginia AvenuePennsylvania RailroadSt. James PlaceCommunity ChestTennessee AvenueNew York AvenueFree ParkingKentucky AvenueChanceIndiana AvenueIllinois Avenue First Turn The first turn is relatively straightforward. Since we have probabilities for rolling two dice, we simply match these up with the appropriate squares. For instance, the second space is a Community Chest square and there is a 1/36 probability of rolling a sum of two. Thus there is a 1/36 probability of landing on Community Chest on the first turn. Below are the probabilities of landing on the following spaces on the first turn: Community Chest – 1/36Baltic Avenue – 2/36Income Tax – 3/36Reading Railroad – 4/36Oriental Avenue – 5/36Chance – 6/36Vermont Avenue – 5/36Connecticut Tax – 4/36Just Visiting Jail – 3/36St. James Place – 2/36Electric Company – 1/36 Second Turn Calculating the probabilities for the second turn is somewhat more difficult. We can roll a total of two on both turns and go a minimum of four spaces, or a total of 12 on both turns and go a maximum of 24 spaces. Any spaces between four and 24 can also be reached. But these can be done in different ways. For example, we could move a total of seven spaces by moving any of the following combinations: Two spaces on the first turn and five spaces on the second turnThree spaces on the first turn and four spaces on the second turnFour spaces on the first turn and three spaces on the second turnFive spaces on the first turn and two spaces on the second turn We must consider all of these possibilities when calculating probabilities. Each turn’s throws are independent of the next turn’s throw. So we do not need to worry about conditional probability, but just need to multiply each of the probabilities: The probability of rolling a two and then a five is (1/36) x (4/36) 4/1296.The probability of rolling a three and then a four is (2/36) x (3/36) 6/1296.The probability of rolling a four and then a three is (3/36) x (2/36) 6/1296.The probability of rolling a five and then a two is (4/36) x (1/36) 4/1296. Mutually Exclusive Addition Rule Other probabilities for two turns are calculated in the same way. For each case, we just need to figure out all of the possible ways to obtain a total sum corresponding to that square of the game board. Below are the probabilities(rounded to the nearest hundredth of a percent) of landing on the following spaces on the first turn: Income Tax – 0.08%Reading Railroad – 0.31%Oriental Avenue – 0.77%Chance – 1.54%Vermont Avenue – 2.70%Connecticut Tax – 4.32%Just Visiting Jail – 6.17%St. James Place – 8.02%Electric Company – 9.65%States Avenue – 10.80%Virginia Avenue – 11.27%Pennsylvania Railroad – 10.80%St. James Place – 9.65%Community Chest – 8.02%Tennessee Avenue 6.17%New York Avenue 4.32%Free Parking – 2.70%Kentucky Avenue – 1.54%Chance – 0.77%Indiana Avenue – 0.31%Illinois Avenue – 0.08% More Than Three Turns For more turns, the situation becomes even more difficult. One reason is that in the rules of the game if we roll doubles three times in a row we go to jail. This rule will affect our probabilities in ways that we didn’t have to previously consider. In addition to this rule, there are effects from the chance and community chest cards that we are not considering. Some of these cards direct players to skip over spaces and go directly to particular spaces. Due to the increased computational complexity, it becomes easier to calculate probabilities for more than just a few turns by using Monte Carlo methods. Computers can simulate hundreds of thousands if not millions of games of Monopoly, and the probabilities of landing on each space can be calculated empirically from these games.

Question Response form Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Question Response form Case Study - Essay Example Dick inherited problems at Modrow plant; he was not included in initial planning and spent a lot of time in getting up to speed. His friendly and easy going attitude was not appreciated in the English plant as well as the Modrow plant by Canadian workers, as his casual strolls were considered as suspicious and steadily his stature and authority as a plant manager was undermined by the workers. The limitations he had as a leader was his inability to understand accounting practices and delegating tasks to his sub-ordinates, as a result he started taking interest in minor or unimportant issues of the plant. This micro management kept him away from core issues rising from expansion and modernization of the plant. His attempts to gain insights by spending time in manufacturing area were not ideal and a trusting behavior towards middle management should have brought better results in implementing the changes he wanted. He was not furnished by the relevant information by middle management a s they had doubts about his abilities as a leader additionally his obsession for gaining insight from workers left the middle management with lack of trust in him. In order for a successful change to come whether it is cost saving initiative, modernization or expansion Dick should have paid attention to more strategic issues of the time and used his time for inculcating trust within management, there are many leaders who lack the technical knowledge or experience but they achieve results by leaving the technical aspects of the work to technical staff communicating with their line managers and not seeing everything as a potential for cost saving initiatives. A gradual or incremental change would have helped Dick in first normalizing the situation due to his appointment ahead of local operating staff, gain trust of managers by staying away from the workers followed by understanding the modernization and expansion challenges. This change is suggested keeping the personality of Dick in consideration, consequently an authoritative leader would have opted for a rapid change while resisting forces would have been removed or sidelined. Dick was not authoritative and it was sheer nuisance that made him show anger towards the foremen, the strategic change approach best for him was the above said incremental one with less suspicion and exploration towards prevailing methods used by workers (Daft, 2010). Question 2. The change or improvement measure proposed by Dick to the foremen was justified and could have saved costs, what Dick missed in bringing this change was the consideration of issues faced by workers and how they wanted to work. The reason foremen disagreed with him was due to his lack of trust in him as a leader, alternatively Dick should have requested the siding manager to implement the new method of scrapping. Dick did not follow the chain of command nor did he uphold his stature as a plant manager, as a result he was ignored by the foremen and the workers a like. Change is always faced by resistance; this resistance comes from confusion or the need to continue status quo hence such resisting elements should be dealt by the managers by addressing concerns of the workers and explaining value addition to them and to the organization. Even though Dick’s intentions were good but his approach led to the

Intercultural Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intercultural Relations - Research Paper Example nies opening up their business in countries apart from their home countries, cultural integration and sharing of cross cultural values have become more important from the perspective of international business. Russia and China are two important economies in the world in terms of international business. However, the cultures prevailing in the two countries are similar and different in various dimensions. The cultural evaluation of the two countries can be done with the use of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. Russians greet in formal styles in business meetings. Handshakes are considered appropriate as forms of greeting or leaving in the business meetings. It is a common practice to exchange business cards in the beginning of a corporate meeting. Formal addressing is considered appropriate in China. Exchange of business cards at the beginning of a business meeting is indispensible (Bouwen, 2001, pp.361-369). The business meetings are conducted in formal and result oriented environment. Russia is characterised by religiosity. Most of the Russians follow the religion Christianity. However there are some percentages of people who follow Islam. Few European minorities are western Christians and roman Catholics. Russian language is the official language. However, the people are fluent in English language. Georgian language is also used in some parts of the country (Hendrickson, 1998, p.141). China is a multi religion country. A number of diverse religions are practiced including Buddhism, Taoism and to an extent Islam. Buddhism and Taoism are the most commonly followed religions in the country. Mandarin and standard Chinese are most commonly spoken language. Punctuality is important for Russian people. Handshake in formal meetings is expected. Demonstrating gestures are commonly shown by the Russian people. A firm handshake with a suitable greeting according to the time of the day is considered appropriate (Jandt, 2013, p.377). The Chinese strive to make

Macroeconomic Performance of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Macroeconomic Performance of China - Essay Example The country's economic progress is visible in terms of all these factors - the huge jump in per capita incomes, the increased scope of activities for non - state sector enterprises, and its closer integration with the global economy. The Chinese economy grew at a healthy rate of 8% in the year 2000. The growth was stimulated by supportive macroeconomic policies, and a favorable external environment. PESTLE Analysis - an Introduction: PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the "big picture" of the environment, in which you are operating, and the opportunities and threats that lie within it. By understanding the environment in which you operate (external to your company or department), you can take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats (RAPIDBI). Specifically the PEST or PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business or organization. Political Environment: Political forces influence the legislations and government rules and regulations under which the firm operates. Every company faces political constraints in the form of antitrust laws, fair trade decisions, and tax programs, minimum usage legislations, pollution and pricing policies, administrative activities and many other actions, aimed at protecting the consumers and the local environment. These laws, rules and regulations affect a company's profits. However, there are other political actions such as patent laws, government subsidies and product research grants that support business activities. Thus, political forces influence the organization both positively and negatively. Political activity also influences three additional functions, viz. the supplier function, the customer function and the competitor function. The customer function is influenced by the political activity when government demand for products and services can create, sustain, enhance or eliminate many market opportunities. Economic Environment: Economic factors clearly indicate the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Every market is unique and consumption patterns change along with the wealth of the consumers in various market segments. For strategic planning all the economic trends at national and international levels have to be considered. Prime interest rates, inflation rates and trends in the growth of the Gross National Product (GNP), general availability of credit, the level of disposable income and the propensity of people to spend are the economic trends that have to be analyzed. The potential economic impact of international forces appeared to be severely restricted and was largely discounted until recently. The focus of economic environmental forecasting was changed by the new international power brokers. The European Economic Community (EEC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and coalitions of lesser-developed countries (LDC) are three well known examples of influential international power brokers. Social Environment: The social environment is an important factor as changes in the values, beliefs, attitudes, opinions and lifestyles in society create potential opportunities for an organization. For a company to grow, it is necessary to take advantage of societal

Selling Crack In El Barrio Sociology Essay

Selling Crack In El Barrio Sociology Essay Society sets standards for us to strive toward, and offers a limited set of accepted means through which we can reach these standards. Unfortunately, the means accepted by society are not available to everyone. The lack of equal opportunity in our society compels certain groups to resort to deviant behavior in order to achieve their goals, or even just to survive. Deviance or deviant behavior is behavior that goes against accepted formal and informal social norms. Crime falls into the category of deviance that goes against formal social norms, or written laws and regulations. Groups that engage in deviant behavior are generally stigmatized by society, and in turn, are subject to marginalization. One such group is the immense subculture of drug dealers. A subculture is a group that has cultural values and behavioral patterns distinctive of a particular group in a society. In his account titled In Search of Respect, ethnographic researcher Philippe Bourgois goes into the depths of this subculture and examines why drug dealers live the way they do and how their occupation is a not just a personal choice, but a product of society. In addition to illustrating the social production of blocked opportunities for residents in Bourgoiss ground breaking book, he also provides an interesting new insight into the street culture found in New York City by examining the effects of illegal drugs on a minority group. Specifically, the book focuses on the experiences and lives of Puerto Rican crack cocaine dealers and users as well as their friends, families and girlfriends, each of whom Bourgois depicts as victims of circumstance. In doing so, the author vividly details and analyzes the effects of structural inequality and social marginalization in the United States. Bourgois, with his wife and child, moved into a tenement apartment in a small neighborhood in New York City named East Harlem in 1985. To residents, this neighborhood was simply known as El Barrio. To conduct his study, Bourgois and his family spent the next five years living among the harsh realities of the ghetto streets. The purpose of this was to infiltrate, assimilate, and participate in the daily workings of the community as much as possible to gain a better understanding of the circumstances these poor and suffering Puerto Rican residents faced. As such, the ultimate goal was to gain entrance to a network of Puerto Rican crack dealers as well as their network of relatives and acquaintances. During his five year stint in El Barrio, Bourgois engaged in intensive participant observation among the informants who allowed him to penetrate the secretive culture of the underground economy. He provides the reader with verbatim narratives taken from his conversations with drug dealers, police officers (who occasionally mistook him for a drug addict), and drug users Bourgois uses the account of his subject and friend named Primo to illustrate the circumstances of drug dealers and the reasons they resort to illegal jobs. The norms of drug dealers include street sales, drug houses, violent crime, and respect associated with the status of a drug dealer. Having the identity of a drug dealer attributes a sense of power and pride to a man, even if it is just in his neighborhood. It prevents him from having to bear the humiliation of being degraded or belittled by a superior while working at a legal job. Bourgois book focuses on a relatively unexamined section of the drug industry, the local dealers, some of whom are, or have been drug users. He notes that most of them started out in legitimate work, often prematurely by truanting from school, not a difficult thing to do in the inner city. However their entrepreneurial skills have not enabled them to escape from the most vulnerable wage sector. The poorest jobs fail to satisfy them while their backgrounds make it impossible for them to sustain contact with more promising possibilities. Still they are unwilling to lie down to the system. They have made the most of their limited opportunities by finding a niche in the illegal drug market. Although nobody is more aware than they are of the ultimate hopelessness of this, nevertheless in the meantime it gives them the buzz, the status and the income their yuppie contemporaries find a few blocks away in Wall St. very well-written, as the author uses a plain, easy-to-read and understand style. He is arguing that answers to societys most pressing issues are a lot more than mere blame-the-system or blame-the-victim approaches. It is far too common for liberals and conservatives, respectively, to blame society or to blame pathological, flawed individuals for social problems. As Bourgois shows in this book, the truth is often a combination of the two. Even his informants admit that they blame no one else but themselves for the situations they are in. The book starts off with Bourgoiss own experience of how there is an apartheid present in New York working against his subjects The amount of poverty in this portion of our country is much higher than that in most other areas. Bourgois argues that this neighborhood, which is well known for high rates of violence, does not have widespread violence occurring amongst all of its members. The higher crime rate, argues Bourgois, occurs for the most part within the factions of the underground economy. Some insight into this economy would explain the reasons for higher rates of violence. This book is a summary of the events that occurred during Bourgois stay in El Barrio. The original purpose of the book was to write a first-hand account of poverty and ethnic segregation in the heart of one of the worlds largest cities. Bourgois was swept into the area drug economy because of the abundance of information from the dealers and their families who all lived within the immediate area. The problem was so prevalent that the focus of th The amount of drug dealers or crack houses is an indirect result of the lost jobs in Harlem. Bourgois states that many of the unemployed in the inner-city are not successful in finding work because they lack the skills of working efficiently with people that they dont already have an every day relationship with, something that factory jobs provided. Factory jobs that moved out of the inner-cities left the large minority groups without a collective workplace where everybody knew their task and how to complete it. The current availability of jobs within the inner-city is mostly within the service sector. These jobs are individualized jobs where independence is required rather than a group effort. The jobs pay little and arent generally respected. This tends to lead many people within this community to become involved in the drug economy. Bourgois argues that, to reduce the violence within the drug community, we should consider the decriminalization of drugs. This would force small time dealers out of business, eliminating the need for them to commit violence amongst themselves, while making the s Bourgois states that there is a strong feeling of community among the people living in El Barrio. Those people not involved in the drug market rarely encounter violence themselves because the dealers have nothing to fear from them. Bourgois states that, during the day, children are safely left to play in the streets unattended by their parents. At night, when the legitimate working force of the community is eating dinner or asleep, is when the brunt of violence takes place Bourgois portrayal of the dealers and their families makes it difficult for the reader not to feel sympathy and compassion towards them. His argument is well defined and persuasive due to the fact that he moved his family to the area in which he was studying and had the courage to get in and really interact with the people of this community. The way in which he writes also compliments his argument by drawing the reader in and making him feel like he himself were there. Many may not agree with the solution that Bourgois suggests, but everyone who reads the book will re-think their own views before discussing t This is an incredibly well written ethnography, its very accessible and could be read by anyone. Really illustrates the problems of people in ghettoised areas, with restricted access to the job market and a stigma attached to them. Stigma is a mark of infamy or reproach. Drug dealing is stigmatized because norms of drug dealing completely clash with the norms of society, most obviously by going against written laws. Consuming or possessing illegal drugs is a crime, but the The only jobs that provided enough money for the Harlemites to survive on, with out having to engage in some other illegal activity, are high risk construction jobs, which were ran by racist mafia backed unions (ch. 4 pg. 162), or entry level jobs in the F.I.R.E. (finance, insurance, or real estate) sector (ch. 4 pg.142), where the impoverished Puerto Ricans did not have enough cultural capital or the proper ethnic background to survive in the positions being offered. Although the world of the underground economy is very chaotic, it all seems to revolve around one thing, crack. Everyones daily life, that is anyone who is not a member of the poor legal working class, is organized around crack, whether one is fighting rival crews for a spot to sell, or just hanging out at the local crackhouse waiting for a handout. It is prevalent on both the violent and non-violent spectrums of the culture. Obviously, the dealers had the most respect of everyone, and were looked up at by youngsters. To survive financially outside of mainstream society, one must manipulate all of ones available resources to make a livable income. So, in the underground economy this can mean any thing, from taking advantage of the welfare office, to selling drugs, or robbing people, all of which were employed by most of the subjects in this book. The only act that stood out to me, as being a ritual was the act of getting high. While getting high served two fold, it served as a method to deal with the reality of not being able to be in control of any part of ones life, and it severed as a way of opening up the lines for communication, as most of all the testimonials occurred over liquor and some sort of drug. What caught the eye of the youngsters were their nice shoes and the respect everyone had for the dealer. So at the earliest time possible, the young kids would try and emulate what they have seen as an acceptable, and viable way to get money and respect. Selling drugs, being violent, and robbing people, all were skills that they learned at school (ch.4pg.194). Bourgois eventually found his way to a storefront called the Game Room where video games provided a cover for the sale of crack cocaine. It was the manager of this establishment, Primo, who became Bourgoiss friend and primary informant about life in El Barrio. Through this intimacy, Bourgois seeks to tell us some things about the symbols and symptoms of urban ghetto life, the Achilles heel of the richest industrialized nation in the world by documenting how it imposes racial segregation and economic marginalization on so many of its Latino/a and African-American citizens. (Bourgois: 1995a; 14) Bourgois painstakingly records and analyzes the exploits of these elements of Puerto Rican diaspora. The culmination of such fieldwork is collected in ethnography about the urban underground economy and social marginalization Speaking fluently the minority language, he lived for five years in El Barrio and also travelled to Puerto Rico to trace the connections between there and Amerikay. His analysis starts in Puerto Rico, a Caribbean island at the end of the Cuban ±Dominican chain and therefore of strategic importance to the United States. Colonization by the US has The concentration of Puerto Rican immigrants in East Harlem has access mainly to the poorest service jobs in New York City. East Harlem is a classic ghetto which no self respecting New Yorker would think of even driving through. Yet, as Bourgois notes, the majority of East Harlem inhabitants have nothing to do with crime, far less drugs. It is the removal of all local industry, e.g. garment making, which has exposed a social infrastructure that is too weak to support the present massive levels of unemployment and casual labor.

The Oppression of Women and The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper e

The Oppression of Women and The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a fictionalized autobiographical account that illustrates the emotional and intellectual deterioration of the female narrator who is also a wife and mother. The woman, who seemingly is suffering from post-partum depression, searches for some sort of peace in her male dominated world. She is given a â€Å"rest cure† from her husband/neurologist doctor that requires strict bed rest and an imposed reprieve form any mental stimulation. As a result of her husband’s controlling edicts, the woman develops an obsessive attachment to the intricate details of the wallpaper on her bedroom wall. The woman’s increasingly intense obsession with the wallpaper ultimately leaves the reader with many questions about nineteenth-century male-female relationships, and perhaps even insanity. Several critics have identified many significant and contrasting themes in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† For example, the contrast of the male-female relationship in the late nineteenth-century, which is an apparent link between the sex roles and seemingly oppressive sexual structures. Another significant theme is the ominous question of what lies behind the meaning of the structure and color of the wallpaper. Does it represent a symbolic realm of imagery, or a linguistic realm focusing on the identity of the spoken and written word? More sympathetic critics like Gilbert and Gubar read â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† simply as a narrative of one woman’s efforts t free herself from the structured psychic, and social atmosphere—indeed, a rigidly constructed atmosphere that was very restrictive for a female of this day and time. They envisioned the wallpaper as being ... ...Conn: Yale University Press, 1979. 89-92. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. From the Heath Anthology of American Literature. ed. Paul Lauter, et al. D.C. Heath and Co. MA. 1994. 800-12. Herndl, Diane. â€Å"The Writing Cure: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Anna O. and Hysterical Writing’† NWSA Journal no. 1 1988.   52-74. Hedges, Elaine R. â€Å"Afterward† to â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Old Westbury, NY. Feminist Press 1973. 12. Jacobus, Mary. â€Å"An Unnecessary Maze of Sign-Reading† Reading Women: Essays in Feminist Criticism. New York: Columbia University Press. 1986. 229-48. Kolodny, Annette. â€Å"A Map for Rereading: or, Gender and the Interpretation of Literary Texts† New Literary History 11,  no. 3 1980. 451-67 Treichler, Paula. â€Å"Escaping the Sentence: Diagnosis and Discourse in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Tulsa studies in Women’s  Literature. 1984. (75). The Oppression of Women and The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper e The Oppression of Women and The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a fictionalized autobiographical account that illustrates the emotional and intellectual deterioration of the female narrator who is also a wife and mother. The woman, who seemingly is suffering from post-partum depression, searches for some sort of peace in her male dominated world. She is given a â€Å"rest cure† from her husband/neurologist doctor that requires strict bed rest and an imposed reprieve form any mental stimulation. As a result of her husband’s controlling edicts, the woman develops an obsessive attachment to the intricate details of the wallpaper on her bedroom wall. The woman’s increasingly intense obsession with the wallpaper ultimately leaves the reader with many questions about nineteenth-century male-female relationships, and perhaps even insanity. Several critics have identified many significant and contrasting themes in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† For example, the contrast of the male-female relationship in the late nineteenth-century, which is an apparent link between the sex roles and seemingly oppressive sexual structures. Another significant theme is the ominous question of what lies behind the meaning of the structure and color of the wallpaper. Does it represent a symbolic realm of imagery, or a linguistic realm focusing on the identity of the spoken and written word? More sympathetic critics like Gilbert and Gubar read â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† simply as a narrative of one woman’s efforts t free herself from the structured psychic, and social atmosphere—indeed, a rigidly constructed atmosphere that was very restrictive for a female of this day and time. They envisioned the wallpaper as being ... ...Conn: Yale University Press, 1979. 89-92. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. From the Heath Anthology of American Literature. ed. Paul Lauter, et al. D.C. Heath and Co. MA. 1994. 800-12. Herndl, Diane. â€Å"The Writing Cure: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Anna O. and Hysterical Writing’† NWSA Journal no. 1 1988.   52-74. Hedges, Elaine R. â€Å"Afterward† to â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Old Westbury, NY. Feminist Press 1973. 12. Jacobus, Mary. â€Å"An Unnecessary Maze of Sign-Reading† Reading Women: Essays in Feminist Criticism. New York: Columbia University Press. 1986. 229-48. Kolodny, Annette. â€Å"A Map for Rereading: or, Gender and the Interpretation of Literary Texts† New Literary History 11,  no. 3 1980. 451-67 Treichler, Paula. â€Å"Escaping the Sentence: Diagnosis and Discourse in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Tulsa studies in Women’s  Literature. 1984. (75).

Human Arrangements Essay

The increase of poverty in the recent years is one of the major problems which the United States has to face. As the survey shows, the highest poverty rates in the United States were witnessed during the years of recession, for example 1960, 1975, 1983 and others. However, the poverty rates increased dramatically through 2001-2003. In 2002, the number of people in poverty reached 34. 4 million, which is 12. 1% of the population. The poverty rate was at its lowest level between 1970-1980 years, but since that time it never decreased until that level. In the last years, it was the lowest in 2000 (at the level of 11%) but since that time it kept increasing annually. In 2003, poverty rate reached 12. 5% which is 0. 4% higher than in 2002. The dynamics of poverty in the United States also shows that the most vulnerable members of the society are people under the age of 18 (17% of them are in poverty). Citizens aged 18-64 have had the lowest poverty rates up to 2002, when the level of poverty rates of seniors (aged 65 and older) reached their level. According to the regional characteristic, states in which poverty rates increased the most included Florida, Illinois, Utah, South Carolina and others. It is also necessary to analyze the dynamics of poverty rates among different races. According to the survey, poverty rates increased greatly among all of the races present in the United States. At the same time, the income level of White, Asian and Black households remained unchanged while the income of Hispanic households experienced some decrease. Among these groups, Black households have the lowest level of income and thus have the highest poverty rates among the groups in the society. In 2003, the median income of Black families reached only $30,000 which was only 62% of the $48,000 income of White households (non-Hispanic origin). The group with the highest income level, and thus the smallest number of people below the poverty line was Asians. Their average income reached $55,000 in 2003. It is possible to conclude that among all of the groups, Blacks are experiencing the most problems with obtaining income. Asian households receive almost the double income of what Black households receive. Due to the fact that poverty rates are increasing with years, it means that Black citizens are going to become more and more vulnerable in the society. In 2003, 24. 4% of Black people were below the poverty line, and the percentage has increasing by 2005. For comparison, only 11% of Asian people were below the poverty line in 2003. There are many reasons why the poverty rate among Blacks has changed the most during the recent years. First, due to discrimination, many Black people are still unable to get high-paying jobs which people of other origins get easily. The experience of New Orleans shows that despite the hopes of African Americans hat discrimination would be reduces with time, this process is very slow. Most of the people affected by hurricane in New Orleans lost their houses and jobs, and it will be very difficult for them to achieve their previous level of income in the following years. Unfortunately, the government did not take any measures to assist the people whose houses were devastated by the hurricane. Situation with New Orleans is only one of the examples of how discrimination occurs in the United States and Black population is unable to reach the same income level as other races. Another reason of high poverty rate among Blacks is their inability to enter prestigious establishments of higher learning. Due to the low income level of their families in comparison with other races, they are often unable to obtain good education which would lead them to high-paying jobs. At the same time, it is necessary to mark that due to the introduction of Civil Rights legislation, the poverty level of Blacks in the recent years is much lower than it was before the adoption of legislation. Even though the poverty rate has been increasing during the last years, the average rate is much lower than it was in the 50s. Despite the fact that Blacks are still experiencing some sort of discrimination, it is much less noticeable as it was before the adoption of Civil Rights legislation. Owing to the legislation, they finally got an opportunity to have the same rights as white people and thus the overall poverty level among Blacks declined dramatically in comparison with previous decades. Bibliography. 1. Poverty in the United States- 2002. Issued September 2003. Available at URL: http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/popula.html 2. Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States 2003. Issued August 2004. Available at URL: http://www. census. gov/prod/www/abs/income. html.

Ernest Hemingway and Mary Welsh

Ernest Hemingway and Mary Welsh life the writer, whose novels were read all around the whole world and who women were crazy about, seemed not to have known the happiness of this great feeling. So what was the story of Ernest Hemingway and Mary Welsh? Ernest belonged to that rare type of men who believed that any serious passion for women should end with a marriage. Being married for the third time, in 1944 in a London pub Ernest saw a pretty blonde and fell in love. Mary Welsh was a charming blonde, an American, a daughter of a woodcutter, who studied to become a journalist (Meyers). By the time of meeting with Hemingway she was thirty-six years, and she was married. On the eighth day of dating the writer came up to her and in the presence of all said: I want you to marry me. I want to be your husband (Reynolds). Mary asked Hemingway to stop talking nonsense, as both of them were married. However, the follow-up meeting in a Paris hotel put everything in the right place, and they fell into the arms of each other. For a few days they maintained their strength with champagne and joyful amazement of being together. Two years later, in March 1946, Hemingway and Mary Welsh got married.. After the wedding dinner the couple quarreled. The next morning, as Mary recalled, sober Hemingway happily announced, Let us never get married again! She replied, Definitely not with each other. He added, Not with anyone else. I still love you (Meyers). In such a way they made it up. Undoubtedly, to be a wife of a genius is interesting, but it is also incredibly difficult Mary forgave Hemingway his rudeness, heavy drinking and even adultery only because he was incredibly talented. Hemingways children criticized their mother for lack of will. You do not understand, she said, I am a wife, not a cop (Reynolds). They lived together for fifteen years. In fact, it was a long and happy marriage. Nevertheless, their children accused Mary Welsh of the fact that she helped Hemingway to die. In the last years of life the writer repeatedly tried to kill himself One day Mary found her husband charging a gun. She tried to distract him, joking that it would be nice to start writing a suicide note. Still, Hemingway was persuaded to go to a clinic. Mary rented a room in a nearby hotel and spent all the days with her husband. She was the only person with whom Ernest could speak without any fear of being suspected of madness. In his last year, he repeatedly tried to kill himself. After trying to shoot himself, he wanted to jump out of a plane by which he was being taken to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, but it did not work as the door would not open. At the hospital Hemingway was treated with electroshock (Reynolds). This caused a partial loss of memory, vision, and even more severe depression. When asked to write a few simple suggestions for a book about Kennedy, after a few hours of fruitless efforts Hemingway started crying in the presence of his doctor. It was too humiliating for him to realize that, being a great writer, he could not make up e ven the most primitive phrase. He once said that if he felt his hopelessness, then he would not hesitate to leave this life. Early in the morning of July 2, 1961, Ernest Hemingway fulfilled his promise Mary knew it was meant for him. Mary Welsh outlived him by a quarter of a century and prepared Hemingways Parisian memories as a book A Moveable Feast to print. This novel is considered the best work of Ernest Hemingway.

Projected Memory essays

Projected Memory essays The essay Projected Memory: Holocaust Photographs, by Marianne Hirsch, is about postmemory. Postmemory is a term that Hirsch has coined. It is memory that is not the product of direct or lived experience but that is produced by the stories and images that circulate from one generation to the next, evidenced in the ways children remember the memories of their parents (Bartholomae 399). It focuses on how children of Holocaust survivors remember the Holocaust through there parents ordeals and stories. The essay by Hirsch is constructed in a way so that different peoples stories and experiences are told so that they represented in postmemories. It is constructed this way to give support to what Hirsch is writing about, postmemories. Every passage deals with the postmemories about the Holocaust. If it was written any other way it would have been extremely difficult to paint such a clear picture of postmemories. The style of the essay was necessary for the argument represented by the essay to work. With out it, it would have been nearly impossible for it to show you the difference seen in a picture if you look at it as a past memory, even if its not a memory of your own, and not as history. The passages of the essay takes you through the pictures as if it was you in the picture. You learn how adult viewers see the child victim through the eyes of his or her own child self (Hirsch 413). Pictures of different children victims of the Holocaust are shown and described in great detail. The first picture is of a little boy in the middle of the destruction of the Warsaw ghetto. It is described by Jaroslaw Rymkiewicz so that it makes you feel that you are the little boy or at least standing next to him. Another photograph work is Past Lives, by Lorie Novak, in which it is made up of three different pictures. The foreground picture is made of a picture of little Jewish children hidden in a Fre...

As a Mercerian, what do you consider the most importasnt leadership Essay

As a Mercerian, what do you consider the most importasnt leadership quality and why - Essay Example Intelligence appeals to me as the core leadership quality because it arouses and supports all the other requisite qualities for successful leadership. It is out of intelligence that a leader would be able to communicate sense to the audience, understand the desires of the followers and appeal to their support for the intended course. It is intelligence that would give a leader the confidence to communicate to with followers and earn confidence in whatever decisions made. Indeed, intelligence could be attributed to the success of many leaders be it in political, social, professional or religious circles. For example, Steve Jobs, the co-founder of Apple Inc., a leading international technological company, was endowed with intelligence that not only enabled him innovate the most marketable technological gadgets but also appeal to employees of Apple Inc. to live to the vision of the organization. It is the intelligence of Nelson Mandela, the first president of independent South Africa, which saw the country attain independence from colonialists and in addition unite the people of South Africa after apartheid regardless of their background. Therefore, I am certain that intelligence is the most important leadership

Open Source Software Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Open Source Software - Research Paper Example Moreover, one more example includes Amazon .com minimizing information technology expenditures from $71 million to $54 million by replacing their business automation software with open source applications (NAGY, YASSIN and BHATTACHERJEE 148-151). Similarly, sabre holdings were able to save more than $10 billion dollars by deploying MySQL that is an open source database (NAGY, YASSIN and BHATTACHERJEE 148-151). As these open source software are free of cost, organizations started replacing legacy systems with open source products. This trend has forced hardware and software vendors along with proprietary technology vendors to offer value added services associated with open source products. After discussing all these advantages associated with open source software, one question comes in mind i.e. what is the purpose of spending money on proprietary software, and why do some companies do this? The answer is probably because they do not know that an open source meeting all their needs ex ists. For example, an open source enterprise resource planning application for Small medium business can be a cost saving alternative for expensive ERP systems such as SAP and Oracle. Moreover, open source business intelligence and analysis software such as Jasper reports and Pehanto are available today (NAGY, YASSIN and BHATTACHERJEE 148-151). However, the existence of these open source applications does not ensure proficient after sales or maintenance support and their functionality that can be catered by a consultant or advisory service. Likewise, these open source software are volunteered without proper marketing strategies possibly because of their low budget. A comparison between an open source application and MS office is demonstrated in Table 1.1 below: Table 1.1 Source: ("Jet-Computing.com  » Linux Mint "), (Crammond) After discussing benefits for open source software, we will now discuss the barriers for organizations adopting open source software. The first factor is th e knowledge barrier, as discussed before, lack of available support, consultants, customization and lack of business knowledge for aligning the application with business objectives. The second barrier is a lack of integration with the legacy software and hardware. Likewise, Forking is another barrier because open source software is coded by different groups of people and may not integrate with other open source software. Moreover, the technology associated with open source software is immature i.e. not tested nor does it have a successful history. However, in order to overcome these challenges, organizations must train their staff and hire third party support and maintenance services. Moreover, for eliminating integration issues with legacy systems, middleware can be used for supporting integration functions. Furthermore, for addressing forking, self-resolving capabilities with the aid of self-managed standards is required. In addition, to address software immaturity, organizations must follow open source software maturity models and white papers for proper evaluation. Works Cited Crammond, Tony. "Head to Head: Office 2010 vs. Open Office 3.1 | IT PRO Reviews " 13/3/2010 2010. Web. 3/12/2012 . "Jet-Computing.com  » Linux Mint "Web. 3/12/2012